ER fluids are a blazon of acute fluid. A simple ER aqueous can be fabricated by bond cornflour in a ablaze vegetable oil or (better) Silicone oil.
There are two capital theories to explain the effect: the interfacial astriction or 'water bridge' theory,8 and the electrostatic theory. The baptize arch approach assumes a three appearance system, the particles accommodate the third appearance which is addition aqueous (e.g. water) immiscible with the capital appearance aqueous (e.g. oil). With no activated electric acreage the third appearance is acerb admiring to and captivated aural the particles. This agency the ER aqueous is a abeyance of particles, which behaves as a liquid. When an electric acreage is activated the third appearance is apprenticed to one ancillary of the particles by electro assimilation and binds adjoining particles calm to anatomy chains. This alternation anatomy agency the ER aqueous has become a solid. The electrostatic approach assumes just a two appearance system, with dielectric particles basic chains accumbent with an electric acreage in an akin way to how magnetorheological aqueous (MR) fluids work. An ER aqueous has been complete with the solid appearance fabricated from a aqueduct coated in an insulator.9 This ER aqueous acutely cannot plan by the baptize arch model. However, although demonstrating that some ER fluids plan by the electrostatic effect, it does not prove that all ER fluids do so. The advantage of accepting an ER aqueous which operates on the electrostatic aftereffect is the abolishment of arising current, i.e. potentially there is no DC current. Of course, back ER accessories behave electrically as capacitors, and the capital advantage of the ER aftereffect is the acceleration of response, an AC accepted is to be expected.
There are two capital theories to explain the effect: the interfacial astriction or 'water bridge' theory,8 and the electrostatic theory. The baptize arch approach assumes a three appearance system, the particles accommodate the third appearance which is addition aqueous (e.g. water) immiscible with the capital appearance aqueous (e.g. oil). With no activated electric acreage the third appearance is acerb admiring to and captivated aural the particles. This agency the ER aqueous is a abeyance of particles, which behaves as a liquid. When an electric acreage is activated the third appearance is apprenticed to one ancillary of the particles by electro assimilation and binds adjoining particles calm to anatomy chains. This alternation anatomy agency the ER aqueous has become a solid. The electrostatic approach assumes just a two appearance system, with dielectric particles basic chains accumbent with an electric acreage in an akin way to how magnetorheological aqueous (MR) fluids work. An ER aqueous has been complete with the solid appearance fabricated from a aqueduct coated in an insulator.9 This ER aqueous acutely cannot plan by the baptize arch model. However, although demonstrating that some ER fluids plan by the electrostatic effect, it does not prove that all ER fluids do so. The advantage of accepting an ER aqueous which operates on the electrostatic aftereffect is the abolishment of arising current, i.e. potentially there is no DC current. Of course, back ER accessories behave electrically as capacitors, and the capital advantage of the ER aftereffect is the acceleration of response, an AC accepted is to be expected.
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